World of Tanks Guide (Aiming)

Mechanics – why we can’t penetrated and damage enemy armor? Certainly you heard a tank commander shouting these words, while the shells were just ricocheting on the enemy armor, inflicting no damage at all. After this chapter you’ll learn the basic, how to shoot in World of Tanks, how the damage is calculated plus some additional useful info to all tank commanders

Aiming

There are two methods of aiming at the enemy in World of Tanks: manual and automatic. Automatic aiming is activated by pressing RMB by default after pointing your sight at enemy tank. It is disabled by pressing E key. After enabling auto-aiming our tank will be following the enemy, aiming at its middle – just pull the trigger to shoot at the current position of enemy tank. Unfortunately auto-aiming has many disadvantages: it doesn't take into account opponent’s movement, so shots fired at the moving enemy almost always miss. In addition it tracks the target as long as it is visible – even if it hides behind the terrain obstacle. For this reason it is worth seeing where your opponent really is, before you waste ammo by shooting at hills or ruins on the way. Thirdly, shells are often fired at the most heavily armored part of the enemy vehicle. Despite above flaws, auto-aiming is sometimes used in shooting at still, poorly armed targets at long distance or during the circular fight, when you’re mostly focused on driving than on firing accurate shots.

The second and also most commonly used method is manual aiming. In theory, just point your mouse cursor at the target, wait until the turret turns in that direction and press LMB. But in practice, during shooting, we have to consider several parameters. Tank guns available in the game differ between each other in the muzzle velocity of fired projectiles and their trajectories. For this reasons we have to learn when to fire to hit the opponent. If you shoot at the still target, it is enough to aim the tank and fire – the shell will hit the enemy directly. Unfortunately, it is more difficult with the moving target: we will have to predict the direction in which it will move and shoot with the lead. At this point the projectile speed is very important. German guns 8,8 cm PaK 43 L/71 have very high muzzle velocity, so you just aim in front of the enemy to hit him. On the other hand, projectiles fired from howitzers, like 152mm M-10, are much slower and require more corrections due to the speed of the target.

Shooting with the lead: 152mm howitzer (on the left) has to aim in front of the enemy, if it intends to hit the target.

Manual aiming can be supported by sniper mode. It is activated by appropriate key (SHIFT by default) and the mouse scroll is used to select one of three zoom levels. Thanks to the sniper mode we can easier hit enemies moving at long distances and aim at weak points of enemy’s armor. But sniper mode has also its drawbacks – eye shot is limited, so after each shot you might check your opponents’ positions on the map or switch it off and look around the area.

All about Computer

-The Introductions-

Computer Generations
Generation in computer terminology is a change in technology a computer is/was being used. Initially, the generation term was used to distinguish between varying hardware technologies. But nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.

There are totally five computer generations known till date. Each generation has been discussed in detail along with their time period, characteristics. We've used approximate dates against each generation which are normally accepted.

Following are the main five generations of computers:

First Generation

The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based

Second Generation

The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based

Third Generation

The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based

Fourth Generation

The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based

Fifth Generation

The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based

First Generation(The period of first generation was 1946-1959)

First generation of computers started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and were prone to frequent fusing of the installations, therefore, were very expensive and could be afforded only by very large organizations.

In this generation, mainly batch processing operating systems were used. In this generation, Punched cards, Paper tape, Magnetic tape Input & Output device were used.

There were machine codes and electric wired board languages used.

• The main features of First Generation are: 
• Vacuum tube technology 
• Unreliable 
• Supported Machine language only 
• Very costly 
• Generate lot of heat 
• Slow Input/output device 
• Huge size 
• Need of A.C. 
• Non-portable 
• Consumed lot of electricity 

Some computers of this generation were:

• ENIAC 
• EDVAC 
• UNIVAC 
• IBM-701 
• IBM-650 

Second Generation(The period of second generation was 1959-1965)

This generation using the transistor were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, magnetic cores were used as primary memory and magnetic tape and magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.

In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming language like FORTRAN, COBOL was used.

There was Batch processing and Multiprogramming Operating system used.

The main features of Second Generation are:

• Use of transistors 
• Reliable as compared to First generation computers 
• Smaller size as compared to First generation computers 
• Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers 
• Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers 
• Faster than first generation computers 
• Still very costly 
• A.C. needed 
• Support machine and assembly languages 

Some computers of this generation were:

• IBM 1620 
• IBM 7094 
• CDC 1604 
• CDC 3600 
• UNIVAC 1108 

Third Generation(The period of third generation was 1965-1971)

The third generation of computer is marked by the use of Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This development made computers smaller in size, reliable and efficient.

In this generation, Remote processing, Time-sharing, Real-time, Multi-programming Operating System were used.

High-level language (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation.

The main features of Third Generation are:

• IC used 
• More reliable 
• Smaller size 
• Generate less heat 
• Faster 
• Lesser maintenance 
• Still costly 
• A.C. needed 
• Consumed lesser electricity 
• Support high-level language 

Some computers of this generation were:

• IBM-360 series 
• Honeywell-6000 series 
• PDP(Personal Data Processor) 
• IBM-370/168 
• TDC-316 

Fourth Generation(The period of Fourth Generation was 1971-1980)

The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements and their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation. Fourth Generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer (PC) revolution.

In this generation, Time sharing, Real time, Networks, Distributed Operating System were used.

All the higher level languages like C and C++, DBASE, etc., were used in this generation.

• The main features of Fourth Generation are: 
• VLSI technology used 
• Very cheap 
• Portable and reliable 
• Use of PC's 
• Very small size 
• Pipeline processing 
• No A.C. needed 
• Concept of internet was introduced 
• Great developments in the fields of networks 
• Computers became easily available 

Some computers of this generation were:

• DEC 10 
• STAR 1000 
• PDP 11 
• CRAY-1 (Super Computer) 
• CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer) 

Fifth Generation(The period of Fifth Generation is 1980-till date)

In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.

This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.

AI is an emerging branch in computer science which interprets means and methods of making computers think like human beings.

All the higher level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net, etc., are used in this generation.

AI includes:

• Robotics 
• Neural networks 
• Game Playing 
• Development of expert systems to make decisions in real life situations. 
• Natural language understanding and generation. 

The main features of Fifth Generation are:

• ULSI technology 
• Development of true artificial intelligence 
• Development of Natural language processing 
• Advancement in Parallel Processing 
• Advancement in Superconductor technology 
• More user friendly interfaces with multimedia features 
• Availability of very powerful and compact computers at cheaper rates 

Some computers types of this generation are:

• Desktop 
• Laptop 
• NoteBook 
• UltraBook 
• ChromeBook 

Computer Components
All types of computers follow a same basic logical structure and perform the following five basic operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users

1. Take Input: The process of entering data and instructions into the computer system.

2. Store Data: Saving data and instructions so that they are available for processing as and when required.

3. Processing Data: Performing arithmetic or logical operations on data in order to change them into useful information.

4. Output Information: Producing useful information or results for the user, such as a printed report or visual display.

5. Control the workflow: Direct the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed.

Input Unit

This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into computer. This unit makes link between user and computer.

The input devices translate the human being information into the form understandable by computer.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and instructions (program). It controls the operations of all parts of computer.

CPU itself has the following three components

• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 
• Memory Unit 
• Control Unit 

Output Unit

Output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information from computer. This unit is a link between computer and users.

Output devices translate the computer's output into the form understandable by users